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The MP-443 ''Grach'' ((ロシア語:MP-443 Грач),〔MP = Mechanical Plant〕 (英語:rook)) or "PYa", for "''Pistolet Yarygin''" ("Yarygin Pistol"), following traditional Russian naming procedure ((ロシア語:Пистолет Ярыгина)), is the Russian standard military-issue side arm. The development was headed by the designer Vladimir Alexandrovich Yarygin ((ロシア語:Владимир Александрович Ярыгин)). It was developed under designation "''Grach''" in response to Russian military trials, which began in 1993. In 2003, it was adopted as a standard sidearm for all branches of Russian military and law enforcement, alongside Makarov PM, GSh-18, and APS. ==Design details== The PYa is a high-capacity, double-action, short-recoil semi-automatic pistol. Barrel/slide locking is a simplified Colt–Browning design, similar to that found in many modern pistols (for example the SIG Sauer and Glock families of pistols); the breech end of the barrel is rectangular in shape, rather than rounded, and fits into matching locking grooves within the slide, near the ejection port. The slide stop lever can be mounted on either side of the weapon to accommodate both left- and right-handed users. Likewise, the manual safety is ambidextrous, with safety catches on both sides of the weapon, where it is manipulated by the thumb. It is mounted on the frame, below the below the rear slide grooves, and directly behind the slide stop lever. The hammer is partially concealed at the sides to prevent catching on clothes and equipment. The magazine release catch is located in the base of the trigger guard on the left side, where it can be manipulated with the thumb (right-handed users) or index or middle finger (left-handed users). The front sight is formed as a fixed part of the slide and is non-adjustable. The back sight is drift adjustable for windage (dovetail type), but this requires a tool. Both feature white contrast elements to ease aiming in low-light conditions. The standard magazine capacity is 17 rounds, fed from a double-column, single feed magazine. Magazines with an 18 round capacity were produced after 2004. Though the grips of the pistol are polymer, the weapon is largely made of metal (stainless steel for the barrel, carbon steel for the frame and slide). It is chambered for the 9×19mm 7N21 cartridge, the Russian loading of the ubiquitous 9mm NATO pistol cartridge, which is broadly equivalent to NATO standard loadings,〔(itself an overpressure version of 9×19mm Parabellum)〕 loaded to comparable pressure specifications.〔7N21 generates about 600 J muzzle energy, compared to roughly 450 J for standard 9mm Luger or 700 J for 9mm NATO.〕 The 7N21 features an semi-armour-piercing bullet with a tempered steel core.〔() Jane's Infantry Weapons.〕 The weapon can also use standard 9×19mm Parabellum/9mm Luger/9x19mm NATO cartridges, including civilian loads such as hollowpoints for law enforcement (only full metal jacket bullets are permitted for use in military weapons). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「MP-443 Grach」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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